Intimate Partner Violence Functions as Both a Risk Marker and Risk Factor for Women's HIV Infection: Findings From Indian Husband-Wife Dyads

Findings provide the first empirical evidence that abused wives face increased HIV risk based both on the greater likelihood of HIV infection among abusive husbands and elevated HIV transmission within abusive relationships. Thus, IPV seems to function both as a risk marker and as a risk factor for HIV among women, indicating the need for interwoven efforts to prevent both men's sexual risk and IPV perpetration.