Techniques of Neutralization: A Theory of Delinquency

There is need for more knowledge concerning the differential distribution of techniques of neutralization, as operative patterns of thought, by age, sex, social class, and ethnic group. Techniques of neutralization appear to offer a promising line of research in enlarging and systematizing the theoretical grasp of juvenile delinquency. A major technique of neutralization centers on the injury or harm involved in the delinquent act. In so far as the delinquent can define himself as lacking responsibility for his deviant actions, the disapproval of self or others is sharply reduced in effectiveness as a restraining influence. The existence of the victim may be denied for the delinquent, in a somewhat different sense, by the circumstances of the delinquent act itself. The delinquent shifts the focus of attention from his own deviant acts to the motives and behavior of those who disapprove of his violations. His condemners, he may claim, are hypocrites, deviants in disguise, or impelled by personal spite.