Gyro-Landau fluid equations for trapped and passing particles

A new system of gyro-Landau fluid (GLF) equations for tokamak plasmas is presented. The new equations include both trapped particles, which can average the Landau resonance, and passing particles which do have a Landau resonance. The trap GLF (TGLF) model is unrestricted in trapped fraction or perpendicular wave number of the electrostatic perturbation. The linearly unstable eigenmodes of the TGLF equations include low-frequency trapped ion modes all the way up to high-frequency electron temperature gradient driftwaves. Extensive benchmarking of the linear TGLF eigenmodes with a large database of gyrokinetic linear stability calculations verifies that the TGLF model is accurate over the full range of plasma parameters tested.