Subgingival microbiome in smokers and non‐smokers in periodontitis: an exploratory study using traditional targeted techniques and a next‐generation sequencing

In periodontitis, there is a difference in the composition of the subgingival microbiome between smokers and non-smokers, as revealed by pyrosequencing. This difference was not identified by the targeted techniques. Low taxonomic diversity was associated with higher disease severity, especially in smokers. This supports the hypothesis of the ecological microbial-host interaction in the severity of periodontal disease.