Ankle-arm index as a marker of atherosclerosis in the Cardiovascular Health Study. Cardiovascular Heart Study (CHS) Collaborative Research Group.

There was an inverse dose-response relation of the AAI with CVD risk factors and subclinical and clinical CVD among older adults. The lower the AAI, the greater the increase in CVD risk; however, even those with modest, asymptomatic reductions in the AAI (0.8 to 1.0) appear to be at increased risk of CVD.