Optimization of two dimensional gratings for very long wavelength quantum well infrared photodetectors

We have performed a detailed study of two-dimensional grating coupling for quantum well infrared photodetectors in the very long wavelength spectral region λ∼16–17 μm. Using calculations based on the modal expansion method we quantitatively explain the double peaked responsivity spectrum. By optimizing the grating parameters we achieve a normal incidence responsivity and detectivity which are three times larger than the 45° angle of incidence geometry.