Effects of NaCl-salinity on growth and inorganic solute accumulation in young cashew plants

The NaCl effects on the growth and inorganic solute accumulation were studied on 30-day-old cashew plants (Anacardium occidentale L.) hydroponically grown for 8 days (short term) and 40 days (long-term) with NaCl at different levels. The shoot fresh mass yielded after 40 days, in response to 50 and 100 mol m-3 NaCl, decreased by 25 and 75%, respectively. This decrease was markedly low in root fresh mass, which did not change under 50 mol m-3 NaCl and decreased nearly to 30% under 100 mol m-3 NaCl, as compared to control plants. In short-term experiment, salinity induced only slight changes of K+ tissue concentrations in the whole plant. In the long-term experiment, K+ tissue concentrations were substantially decreased, particularly in roots. In response to time and increasing levels of salinity, Na+ and Cl- ions concentrations reached toxic levels in leaves. Thus, cashew plants already from the 4th day of salinity stress exhibited earlier symptoms of ionic toxicity, and therefore they were not able to regulate metabolic and physiological functions under these harmful conditions.