Relax, It's Just Laparoscopy! A Prospective Randomized Trial on Heart Rate Variability of the Surgeon in Robot-Assisted versus Conventional Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy

These data suggest the use of the daVinci® Surgical System leads to less physical and mental strain of the surgeon during surgery. However, assessing mental strain by means of HRV is cumbersome since there is no clear cutoff point or scale for maximum tolerated strain levels and its related effects on surgeon's health.