Cerebral stroke injury: the role of cytokines and brain inflammation

Stroke represents the most frequent cause of permanent disability in adults worldwide. Cerebral ischemia triggers the pathological pathways of the ischemic cascade and causes irreversible neuronal injury in the ischemic core within minutes of the onset. Elements of the immune system are involved in all stages of ischemic cascade from acute intravascular events triggered by the interruption of blood supply, to the parenchymal processes leading to brain damage and to the ensuing tissue repair. In this review, we will provide a brief overview of current understanding of the role of cytokines and brain inflammation during acute ischemic stroke.