Mn²⁺ ion influenced optical and photocatalytic behaviour of Mn–ZnS quantum dots prepared by a microwave assisted technique

(a) Photon absorption and exciton formation, (b) interstitial sulfur emission, (c) interstitial zinc emission, (d) blue emission, (e) electron trapping by Mn ions' d state, (f) orange light emission and (g) orange emission quenching by electrons trapped by the neighbouring Mn²⁺ ions.