Decreased brain <scp>PME</scp>/<scp>PDE</scp> ratio in bipolar disorder: a preliminary ³¹P magnetic resonance spectroscopy study

In our sample, kf was not altered in the euthymic or depressed mood state in BD. However, decreased PME/PDE in subjects with bipolar depression was consistent with differences in membrane turnover. These data provide preliminary support for alterations in phospholipid metabolism and mitochondrial function in bipolar depression.