Opportunities and barriers to disease prevention counseling in the primary care setting: a multisite qualitative study with US health consumers

The purpose of this study is to understand people's receptivity to seeking out disease prevention counseling from their primary care provider. Since patients' openness to health messages may vary depending on how they seek out their health information, participants were segmented into one of four unique information-seeking groups. This study explores the differences among these groups, what approaches would be most effective in motivating different health consumers to seek out behavioral counseling in the primary care setting and the opportunities during the medical visit most appropriate for this counseling. To this end, a total of 32 focus groups were conducted with American adults. Participants were segmented by information-seeking orientation (independent actives, doctor-dependent actives, independent passives and doctor-dependent passives), age and gender. Findings showed that participants of the four information-seeking groups possessed distinct differences in their desire for and perceived barriers to requesting counseling from their provider. Overall, participants wanted prevention counseling to include tailored information, encouragement and follow-up. Participants among the various segments identified two key windows of opportunity-during a routine checkup and when discussing their family history-where patients and providers can incorporate more in-depth prevention discussions into the medical visit. Findings from this study suggest that targeting health messages according to health consumers' information-seeking orientations may provide an effective tool for practitioners. Additionally, many health consumers are open to behavioral counseling in the primary care setting and would be satisfied if this counseling were integrated into traditional procedures, such as during a routine checkup or when discussing their family medical history.