Cognitive treatments of sentence processing disorders: What have we learned?

Abstract Several cognitive neuropsychological studies describing treatments of sentence processing disorders have been reported in recent years. We review the outcome of 10 studies that describe treatment outcomes for 17 aphasic patients. Although the studies used different approaches to intervention, they shared the goal of improving reversible sentence comprehension, and they targeted a hypothesised deficit of "thematic mapping". Several trends in treatment outcomes were observed. In most cases, there was strong evidence that the treatments induced a change in the pattern of sentence processing. Moreover, the outcomes indicated that impaired reversible sentence comprehension can arise from a range of impairments, only some of which directly implicate structural and/or lexical deficits assumed to be the source of poor thematic mapping abilities. Patterns of post-therapy generalisation within and across processing modalities appeared to be related, among other things, to the therapy approach and to the selection of treatment materials. These findings are discussed with regard to the theoretical implications of sentence processing treatment data.