Vacuum phototriodes for the CMS electromagnetic calorimeter endcap

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Authors

K. W. Bell · Rutherford Appleton Laboratory

R. M. Brown · Rutherford Appleton Laboratory

D. J. A. Cockerill · Rutherford Appleton Laboratory

P. Flower · Rutherford Appleton Laboratory

P. R. Hobson · Middlesex University

B. W. Kennedy · Rutherford Appleton Laboratory

A.L. Lintern

Abstract

The measurement of scintillation light from the lead tungstate crystals of the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) electromagnetic calorimeter (ECAL) poses a substantial technical challenge, particularly in the endcap regions, where the radiation levels are highest. The photodetectors must be fast, sensitive, radiation-hard, and operate with significant internal gain in a magnetic field of 4 Tesla. The measured performance characteristics of the first batches of series production vacuum phototriodes (VPT), developed to satisfy the needs of CMS, will be described.

Topics & Keywords

Radiation Detection and Scintillator Technologies Particle Detector Development and Performance Atomic and Subatomic Physics Research

UN Sustainable Development Goals

Affordable and clean energy

Publication Details

Published in: IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science

Volume 51, Issue 5, pp. 2284-2287

DOI: 10.1109/tns.2004.836053

Field-Weighted Citation Impact: 2.47