A universal model for accurate calculation of electromagnetic transients on overhead lines and underground cables

This paper presents a transmission line model for the simulation of electromagnetic transients in power systems. The model can be applied to both overhead lines and cables, even in the presence of a strongly frequency dependent transformation matrix and widely different modal time delays. This has been achieved through a phase domain formulation where the modal characteristics have been utilized in the approximation for the propagation matrix. High computational efficiency is achieved by grouping modes with nearly equal velocities and by columnwise realization of the matrices for propagation and characteristic admittance.