Geant4 low energy electromagnetic physics

The Geant4 simulation toolkit includes a specialised package, implementing a precise treatment of electromagnetic interactions of particles with matter below 1 keV. The Geant4 low energy electromagnetic package provides a variety of models describing the electromagnetic processes of electrons and positrons, photons, charged hadrons and ions, taking into account detailed features, such as atomic shell effects and charge dependence. Those features are relevant to several experimental domains, such as astrophysics, space science and bio-medical research, and have enabled new simulation studies beyond the conventional applications of Geant4 in high energy physics. The design of the package and the physics models implemented are presented.