Computer Network Attack and the Use of Force in International Law: Thoughts on a Normative Framework

Examines computer network attack (cyber operations) from the perspective of the law governing the use of force in international law, the jus ad bello. Particular attention paid to the use of force (article 2(4) of the UN Charter) and the law of self-defense (article 51). Proposes a framework for applying the law in the context of cyber operations.