The causal role of breakfast in energy balance and health: a randomized controlled trial in obese adults

In obese adults, daily breakfast leads to greater physical activity during the morning, whereas morning fasting results in partial dietary compensation (i.e., greater energy intake) later in the day. There were no differences between groups in weight change and most health outcomes, but insulin sensitivity increased with breakfast relative to fasting. This trial was registered at www.isrctn.org as ISRCTN31521726.