Lepidopteran larva consumption of soybean foliage: basis for developing multiple‐species economic thresholds for pest management decisions

As S. cosmioides always defoliated nearly twice the leaf area of the other species, the injury equivalent would be 2 for this lepidopteran species and 1 for the other species. The recommended multiple-species ET to trigger the beginning of insect control would then be 20 insect equivalents per linear metre.