SUMA: An interface for surface-based intra- and inter-subject analysis with AFNI

Surface-based brain imaging analysis is increasingly being used for detailed analysis of the topology of brain activation patterns and changes in cerebral gray matter. Here we present SUMA, a new interface for visualizing and performing surface-based brain imaging analysis that is tightly coupled to AFNI - a volume-based brain imaging analysis suite. The interactive part of SUMA is used for rapid and interactive surface and data visualization, access and manipulations with direct link to the volumetric data rendered in AFNI. The batch-mode part of SUMA allows for surface based operations such as geometry and data smoothing, surface to volume domain mapping in both directions and node-based statistical and computational tools. We also present methods for mapping low resolution functional data onto the cortical surface while preserving the topological information present in the volumetric data and detail an efficient procedure for performing cross-subject, surface-based analysis with minimal interpolation of the functional data.