Psychosocial aspects of preconception consultation in primary care: lessons from our experience in clinical genetics

To date, little is known about the psychosocial aspects of preconception consultation (PCC) in primary care. PCC in primary care is appropriate for couples and individuals with a reproductive wish. In PCC, non-genetic and genetic risk factors may be identified. Focusing on non-genetic and genetic risk factors in PCC requires the use of different counselling strategies and tools in optimizing the outcome of pregnancy. Addressing lifestyle alterations requires directive counselling, whereas addressing increased genetic risk and its subsequent reproductive options requires non-directiveness. When an increased genetic risk is detected, couples should be informed about their possibilities for not passing on a disease allele. Depending upon the various modes of inheritance and reproductive options, couples may face a variety of psychosocial challenges. This paper aims to provide insights into the psychosocial impact of the genetic aspects of PCC by drawing upon literature and clinical experience in the Clinical Genetics department. Furthermore, this paper provides consideration for future developments regarding preconception genetic screening.