The Domain Organization and Properties of Individual Domains of DNA Topoisomerase V, a Type 1B Topoisomerase with DNA Repair Activities

Topoisomerase V (Topo V) is a type IB (eukaryotic-like) DNA topoisomerase. It was discovered in the hyperthermophilic prokaryote Methanopyrus kandleri and is the only topoisomerase with associated apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) site-processing activities. The structure of Topo V in the free and DNA-bound states was probed by limited proteolysis at 37 degrees C and 80 degrees C. The Topo V protein is comprised of (i) a 44-kDa NH(2)-terminal core subdomain, which contains the active site tyrosine residue for topoisomerase activity, (ii) an immediately adjacent 16-kDa subdomain that contains degenerate helix-hairpin-helix (HhH) motifs, (iii) a protease-sensitive 18-kDa HhH "hinge" region, and (iv) a 34-kDa COOH-terminal HhH domain. Three truncated Topo V polypeptides comprising the NH(2)-terminal 44-kDa and 16-kDa domains (Topo61), the 44-, 16-, and 18-kDa domains (Topo78), and the COOH-terminal 34-kDa domain (Topo34) were cloned, purified, and characterized. Both Topo61 and Topo78 are active topoisomerases, but in contrast to Topo V these enzymes are inhibited by high salt concentrations. Topo34 has strong DNA-binding ability but shows no topoisomerase activity. Finally, we demonstrate that Topo78 and Topo34 possess AP lyase activities that are important in base excision DNA repair. Thus, Topo V has at least two active sites capable of processing AP DNA. The significance of multiple HhH motifs for the Topo V processivity is discussed.