Developing human–machine interaction components for a driver assistance system for safe speed and safe distance

Pre-screening involving a number of candidate human–machine interaction solutions in three different modes (visual, auditory and haptic) for the concept of ‘safe speed and safe distance’ (SASPENCE) in an advanced driver assistance system is described. This was performed simultaneously in two European countries, Sweden and Spain, in 2004. Two groups of about 30 drivers each participated in the two-phase procedure in each country. Eleven visual display alternatives for speed information, ten alternatives for distance warning and 12 auditory warning signals were screened by standard procedure. In addition, two alternatives of haptic feedback via the accelerator pedal were tested in a mock-up driving seat. The overall results provide recommendations for visual, auditory and haptic feedback alternatives to build a driver support system for safe speed and safe distance.