Active Site Residues of Cyclophilin A Are Crucial for Its Signaling Activity via CD147

Cyclophilin A (CyPA), a ubiquitously distributed intracellular protein, is a peptidylprolyl cis-trans-isomerase and the major target of the potent immunosuppressive drug cyclosporin A. Although expressed predominantly as an intracellular molecule, CyPA is secreted by cells in response to inflammatory stimuli and is a potent neutrophil and eosinophil chemoattractant in vitro and in vivo. The mechanisms underlying CyPA-mediated signaling and chemotaxis are unknown. Here, we identified CD147 as a cell surface receptor for CyPA and demonstrated that CD147 is an essential component in the CyPA-initiated signaling cascade that culminates in ERK activation. Both signaling and chemotactic activities of CyPA depended also on the presence of heparans, which served as primary binding sites for CyPA on target cells. The proline 180 and glycine 181 residues in the extracellular domain of CD147 were critical for signaling and chemotactic activities mediated by CD147. Also crucial were active site residues of CyPA, because rotamase-defective CyPA mutants failed to initiate signaling events. These results establish cyclophilins as natural ligands for CD147 and suggest an unusual, rotamase-dependent mechanism of signaling.