TNF-  levels in HIV-infected patients after long-term suppressive cART persist as high as in elderly, HIV-uninfected subjects

Chronic inflammatory alterations associated with HIV infection are maintained at a different level from those of ageing. The persistent alteration of TNF-α levels in HIV-infected patients might cause tissue damage and have implications for developing non-AIDS-defining illnesses, even when HIV replication is long-term controlled by cART.