Polaris, a protein disrupted in<i>orpk</i>mutant mice, is required for assembly of renal cilium

Cilia are organelles that play diverse roles, from fluid movement to sensory reception. Polaris, a protein associated with cystic kidney disease in Tg737(o)(rpk) mice, functions in a ciliogenic pathway. Here, we explore the role of polaris in primary cilia on Madin-Darby canine kidney cells. The results indicate that polaris localization and solubility change dramatically during cilia formation. These changes correlate with the formation of basal bodies and large protein rafts at the apical surface of the epithelia. A cortical collecting duct cell line has been derived from mice with a mutation in the Tg737 gene. These cells do not develop normal cilia, which can be corrected by reexpression of the wild-type Tg737 gene. These data suggest that the primary cilia are important for normal renal function and/or development and that the ciliary defect may be a contributing factor to the cystic disease in Tg737(o)(rpk) mice. Further characterization of these cells will be important in elucidating the physiological role of renal cilia and in determining their relationship to cystic disease.