MLTreeMap - accurate Maximum Likelihood placement of environmental DNA sequences into taxonomic and functional reference phylogenies

Abstract Background Shotgun sequencing of environmental DNA is an essential technique for characterizing uncultivated microbes in situ . However, the taxonomic and functional assignment of the obtained sequence fragments remains a pressing problem. Results Existing algorithms are largely optimized for speed and coverage; in contrast, we present here a software framework that focuses on a restricted set of informative gene families, using Maximum Likelihood to assign these with the best possible accuracy. This framework ('MLTreeMap'; http://mltreemap.org/ ) uses raw nucleotide sequences as input, and includes hand-curated, extensible reference information. Conclusions We discuss how we validated our pipeline using complete genomes as well as simulated and actual environmental sequences.