Modelling pulsar glitches with realistic pinning forces: a hydrodynamical approach

Although pulsars are some of the most stable clocks in the Universe, many of them are observed to ‘glitch’, i.e. to suddenly increase their spin frequency Graphic with fractional increases that range from Graphic to Graphic. In this paper, we focus on the ‘giant’ glitches, i.e. glitches with fractional increases in the spin rate of the order of Graphic, that are observed in a subclass of pulsars including the Vela. We show that giant glitches can be modelled with a two-fluid hydrodynamical approach. The model is based on the formalism for superfluid neutron stars of Andersson & Comer and on the realistic pinning forces of Grill & Pizzochero. We show that all stages of Vela glitches, from the rise to the post-glitch relaxation, can be reproduced with a set of physically reasonable parameters and that the sizes and waiting times between giant glitches in other pulsars are also consistent with our model.