Yield stability in maize (Zea mays L.) and correlations among the parameters of the Eberhart and Russell, Lin and Binns and Huehn models

Assessment of the stability and adaptability of a genotype to different environments is useful for recommending cultivars for known conditions of cultivation and should be a requirement in breeding programs. Twenty maize (Zea mays L.) cultivars were tested at eight locations in Minas Gerais by the National Center for Maize and Sorghum Research (CNPMS) of the Brazilian Enterprise for Agricultural Research (EMBRAPA) for two years. The experiments involved a randomized complete block design in which three procedures were used to analyze cultivar stability and adaptability. The level of association among the parameters obtained by the three methods was assessed using Spearman's rank correlation. Hybrids 'DINA 170', 'G-96C', 'C 505', 'DINA 70' and 'C 435' had a mean yield greater than 6,000 kg/ha. Eberhart and Russell's regression coefficient (betai) was negative and correlated significantly (P < 0.01) with Lin and Binn's superiority index (Pi), indicating that the most responsive cultivars tended to have smaller Pi. Pi did not correlate with Huehn's nonparametric measurements Si(2) and Si(3) nor with Eberhart and Russell's sigmadi² (P > or = 0.05), but correlated positively with Si(1) (P < 0.05), indicating that superior genotypes (with lower Pi) could also be stable, a finding not commonly reported in the literature. The stability parameters, Si(1), Si(2), Si(3) and sigmadi², correlated positively among each other (P < 0.01), indicating that the stability estimates of the Huehn's nonparametric model did not add important information to those obtained by the Eberhart and Russell's method. Estimates from the Huehn's method, however, showed that stability estimates from nonparametric models are useful alternatives to parametric models. 'DINA 170', which had a greater general mean, was characterized as a cultivar adapted to favorable environments, and was among the most productive in the different environments assessed. The cultivar 'G-96C' showed medium adaptation to all environments (ideal cultivar) and had good stability. Cultivars 'C 505' and 'C435' were alternatives for 'G-96C'. 'DINA 70' showed good adaptability but had low stability.