Highly efficient perovskite solar cells based on a nanostructured WO₃–TiO₂core–shell electron transporting material

A novel core–shell nanostructured WO₃is investigated in detail and shown to work successfully as an electron transporting material in hybrid perovskite solar cells. A thin TiO₂shell reduces charge recombination while highly textured single-crystal WO₃nanostructures promote fast electron transport leading to an efficiency above 11%.