Management of acute coronary syndromes in patients presenting without persistent ST-segment elevation

The full text of this document is available on the Website of the European Society of Cardiology: www.escardio.org in the section ‘Scientific Information’, Guidelines. Introduction 1809 Pathophysiology 1810 Plaque rupture and erosion 1810 Inflammation 1812 Thrombosis 1812 Vasoconstriction 1812 Myocardium 1813 Diagnosis 1813 Clinical presentation 1813 Physical examination 1813 Electrocardiogram 1813 Biochemical markers of myocardial damage 1814 Recommendations 1815 Risk assessment 1815 Risk factors 1815 Clinical presentation 1815 Electrocardiogram 1816 Markers of myocardial damage 1816 Markers of inflammatory activity 1816 Markers of thrombosis 1817 Echocardiography 1817 Predischarge stress testing 1817 Coronary angiography 1817 Recommendations for risk stratification 1818 Treatment options 1818 Anti-ischaemic agents 1818 Beta-blockers 1818 Nitrates 1818