When and What Parents Tell Children About Race: An Examination of Race-Related Socialization Among African American Families

//riot U.LI.S Prepurutiorrfor Hius, which wrrs, in nrrrl. rrlorr.frcqrrerl1 thrrrr l'rr~moriorr r~f Mistrir.st. Messrt~es re~arrlirr,~ Pr~~rrtoriorr rflMisrrrr.sf urrd I'repirrrrrionfr,r Rio.~, btrr rtor Ctilrnml S~~cirrlizafiorr. itrcr~~u,se~l wiflr chil~/rerr ',r OR?, 1vit11 rnurked(l;fll.r~~~rcc.s b[,t>~'crn p~rfnt,~ ($4- m 8-):~~or-oldr corrrpured to purrrrfs of 9- ro 14-yeor-ol11.s. 1)imensions /$r~cial .socialirurion nJere al,so u.s,sociared wirh pnrrrrrs' reporrs of rirre-related .sorinlieotiorr /Ire!; recriv~d in tlieir,finrilies of'r~riyirr. I:irrrrlls, pnrcnrs' pcrrrpriorr.~ qf rucilrl hius irt rhc u,orkl~l(rce w~re rr,s.~oriofed wirlr rrrcial ,sor.icrli;orior~, hrdr rcloriorrs were .sfro!rxer rmlon,y p(rrnrrs of 9- to 14-yerrr-o1d.s or rorr~l~nred ro pnrr,rrr.s of 4-rn S- or-old,s.