Feed horn coupled bolometer arrays for spire-design, simulations, and measurements

In this paper, we present the design, modeling, and measurements of feed horn coupled large bolometer arrays being developed for the Herschel Space Observatory's Spectral and Photometric Imaging REceiver (SPIRE) instrument. SPIRE has five arrays of feed horn coupled silicon-nitride micromesh "spider-web" bolometers in two instruments, a three-band photometer, and a two-band Fourier transform spectrometer, each covering the 430-GHz-1.5-THz band. The optical coupling efficiency, bandwidth, and crosstalk between adjacent pixels of the arrays were investigated with numerical electromagnetic-field simulators, and prototype arrays were measured extensively in a test facility. The measured results were found to be in good agreement with simulation predictions, and the simulation results were used as a benchmark for the design goals of the instrument.