Management of behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia

Approximately 35 million people worldwide have dementia and this number is predicted to increase to 115 million by 2050. Behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) are a common complication of dementia and between 70% and 90% of people with dementia will experience BPSD at some point during their illness. BPSD results in significantly greater caregiver burden, higher health-related economic costs, poor quality of life and premature placement in nursing homes. The presence of BPSD has also been associated with disease progression and greater cognitive decline in Alzheimer's dementia (AD). Recognition of BPSD by the healthcare provider forms a central component of the management of patients with dementia syndromes. This article aims to provide clinicians with an overview of BPSD and an approach to management, incorporating both non-pharmacological and pharmacological strategies.