Impacts of El Niño–Southern Oscillation Events on Tropical Cyclone Landfalling Activity in the Western North Pacific

The impact of El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) episodes on the variability in the landfalling pattern of tropical cyclones in the western North Pacific is studied using the bootstrap technique. It is found that, relative to neutral years, in the months September, October, and November or the late season of El Niño years the number of tropical cyclones landfalling in the landmasses rimming the western North Pacific is significantly reduced. The exception is Japan and the Korean Peninsula. On the other hand, in the late season of La Niña years, China can expect significantly more landfalls. The predictability of the number of landfalling tropical cyclones in the western North Pacific is found to be the highest for China in the late season of La Niña years. The reduction in the number of landfalls during the late season of El Niño years seems to be related to an eastward shift in the mean tropical cyclone genesis position and a break in the 500-hPa subtropical ridge near 130°E. In contrast, the increase in the number of landfalls during the late season of La Niña years appears to be related to a westward shift in the mean genesis position together with a contiguous 500-hPa subtropical ridge.