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Objective: The purpose of this document is to briefly review the existing data regarding the effect of a diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), the different screening and diagnostic practices for GDM, and, finally, outline the recommended options for GDM screening in Canada. Options: Consideration has been given to the existing screening practices for GDM including universal screening, risk factorbased screening, and the option of not screening for GDM. Outcomes: The short- and long-term maternal-fetal outcomes in GDM were reviewed with emphasis given to examination of the data regarding the effect of diagnosis and treatment of GDM on these outcomes. Evidence: A comprehensive search of the literature from 1990 through April 2002 using MEDLINE and the Cochrane Database and a review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was undertaken. Additional studies and clinical guidelines published outside this time frame but with specific clinical relevance were also reviewed. The level of evidence of the recommendations in this document has been determined using the criteria described by the Canadian Task Force on the Periodic Health Examination. Recommendations: