Effects of Room Reverberation and Noise on Speech Discrimination by the Elderly

Speech discrimination performance was measured in sound field for 10 young normal-hearing subjects, 10 elderly 'normal-hearing' subjects with a mean pure-tone average of 9.9 dB HTL, and 10 elderly hearing-impaired subjects with a mean pure-tone average of 48.5 dB HTL. Speech discrimination abilities were assessed in quiet and noise (S/N = +10 dB) in a sound suite and under two levels of reverberation in a reverberant room (RT = 0.59 and 1.56 s). Results indicated that the elderly 'normal-hearing' and young normal-hearing subjects have similar speech discrimination performance in the sound suite for both the quiet and noise conditions. In addition, performance by these two groups was almost identical under both levels of reverberation in quiet. However, when noise was added to the reverberant conditions, performance by the elderly 'normal-hearing' subjects was significantly poorer than that obtained by the young normal-hearing subjects. The elderly hearing-impaired subjects yielded speech discrimination scores that were significantly poorer than the elderly 'normal-hearing' subjects and the young normal-hearing subjects for all of the listening conditions.