Landscape and Climatе Change in Holocene

The article provides an overview of current research on climate and landscape paleoecological reconstructions of key stages of the Holocene. Their synchronicity and asynchronicity in Southern and Northern hemispheres and on different continents is discussed. It is shown that some of the climatic events of holocene can not be explained only by external infl uences on the planet (insolation changes, etc.). These events were effected by internal mechanisms of the Earth’s climate system such as the North Atlantic Oscillation, El Niño – Southern Oscillation, as well as periodic large volcanic eruptions, dumping of cold glacial meltwater reservoirs in North America into the ocean etc. Described patterns of past climate change are relevant to identifying factors infl uencing the current climate change and climate forecast.