Hybrid organic–inorganic solar cells based on bismuth iodide and 1,6-hexanediammonium dication

Heavy metal toxicity and device instability are prominent limitations in the push for commercialization of photovoltaics based on low-cost, solution-processed materials. Therefore, in this study a hybrid organic–inorganic material containing trivalent bismuth and dicationic 1,6-hexanediammonium was used as the photoactive layer in solution-processed photovoltaics.