Phase <scp>II</scp> study of dual phosphoinositol‐3‐kinase ( <scp>PI</scp> 3K) and mammalian target of rapamycin ( <scp>mTOR</scp> ) inhibitor <scp>BEZ</scp> 235 in patients with locally advanced or metastatic transitional cell carcinoma

BEZ235 showed modest clinical activity and an unfavourable toxicity profile in patients with advanced and pretreated TCC; however, a minority of patients experienced a clinical benefit, suggesting that a complete blockade of the PI3K/mTOR axis could improve outcome in some specific patients. Furthermore, this study showed that molecular stratification of patients for personalized medicine before treatment is feasible.