Postoperative Analgesic and Behavioral Effects of Intranasal Fentanyl, Intravenous Morphine, and Intramuscular Morphine in Pediatric Patients Undergoing Bilateral Myringotomy and Placement of Ventilating Tubes

In this double-blind, double-dummy study, there was no difference in the efficacy of intranasal fentanyl, IM and IV morphine in controlling postoperative pain and emergence delirium in children undergoing BMT placement. The IM route is the simplest and avoids the potential for delays to establish vascular access for IV therapy and the risks of laryngospasm if intranasal drugs pass through the posterior nasopharynx and irritate the vocal cords.