Conceptualization and Measurement in the Social Sciences.

Introduction Fundamental Measurement, Scaling, and Dimensionality Issues The Comparability of Measures Categorical Variables, Conceptualization, and Comparability Some Implications of Omitting Variables from Causal Explanations The Confounding of Variables and Oversimplified Interpretations Aggregation and Measurement Error in Macro-Analyses Appendix Assessing Comparability with Multiple Indicators