Using Polymer Modification and Rejuvenators to Improve the Performance of High Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement Mixtures

Softer binders have been used to compensate for the stiffness of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) binders in mixtures; however, several studies have shown that asphalt rejuvenators can allow more RAP to be incorporated in mixtures than can softer binders alone. Nevertheless, rejuvenators are not specified by some state agencies because of potential rutting-related concerns. Therefore, the use of polymer modified asphalt (PMA) binder was evaluated to ascertain if it can remedy any rutting performance degradation while maintaining or improving the cracking characteristics of the mixtures. The objective was to produce mixtures with high RAP content that perform similar to or better than an all-virgin-material control mixture. The effect of five asphalt rejuvenators on the performance of a 50% RAP surface-layer mixture was evaluated relative to rutting and cracking. The results illustrated that the rejuvenators degraded the rutting resistance of the 50% RAP mixture, although the use of PMA binders remedied these degradations. The rejuvenators improved the fatigue cracking resistance of the 50% RAP mixture to a level higher than did the all-virgin control mixture and also the 50% RAP mixture with softer binder alone. Overall, the data indicated that a combination of an asphalt rejuvenator and a PMA binder was required to yield a high RAP mixture with similar or better performance than a similar conventional mixture.