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Objective To explore the possible effect of estrogen and estrogen receptor in acute lung injury(ALI). Methods 45 male Wistar rats were chosen and divided into 3 groups randomly: control group(group A), Oleic acid(OA)+endotoxin Group(group B), E2+OA+endotoxin Group(group C). In rats' lung with ALI induced by Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide, we observed pathological changes after intervention by supplying estradiol, and measured W/D, pulmonary vascular permeability (PVP) and pulmonary alveolar permeability index (PAPI); ERα and ERβ in lung of rats were examined by RT-PCR. Results ①Pathology: the lung of the rats of group A was normal. The injury of the rats of group B was very severe. The injury of the rats of group C was significantly relieved.②W/D, pulmonary vascular permeability (PVP) and pulmonary alveolar permeability index(PAPI): the odds of group B were more than that of group A. The odds of group C was less than that of group B; PVP and PAPI of group B were more than those of group A. Numeric value of group C decreased after intervention by supplying estradiol. ③RT-PCR:ERα and ERβ were all transcripted in three groups. ERβ was significantly higher than ERα in group A. They all increased in group B after injury. There was significant difference in ERβ while ERα was not. ERβ rose continually and significantly in group C while ERα didn't. Conclusions ①Estrogen plays a protective role in the LPS-induced ALI,and the role is correlated with set-up of its receptor,especially ERβ. ②ERα and ERβ all increased after trauma. ERβ rose significantly. It indicated that it may play an important role in immunoprotective after trauma.