Changing response to diamidine compounds in cases of kala-azar unresponsive to antimonial.

Two hundred and forty patients of kala-azar unresponsive to antimonial were treated with pentamidines in a dose of 4 mg/kg body weight on alternate days for 20 injections. Of these, 175 were treated with pentamidine isethionate and 65 with pentamidine methane sulphonate (Lomidine). Clinical and parasitological cure were significantly higher with lomidine as compared to pentamidine isethionate. However, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal and metabolic toxicity including hyperglycaemia were more marked with lomidine. Mortality rate was also significantly (P less than .05) higher with lomidine therapy. Significantly lower clinical and parasitological cure and higher relapse rate were observed in the present study compared with an earlier study in which pentamidine was used in the same doses for 10-12 injections only.