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A dietary intervention delivered to one family member with a beneficial impact on other members could provide a cost-effective approach to public health dietary intervention programs. The Women's Health Trial (WHT) was a study in which women were randomized to be trained in adopting a low-fat diet or to continue their normal diet. The intervention women consumed 21% of total calories from fat versus 38% for control women at six months postrandomization. Husbands of women in the Seattle Clinical Center of the WHT were surveyed between 1985 and 1988 to determine whether and to what extent the husbands' diets changed at six months. Ninety-one intervention men and 162 control men, 79% of those eligible, participated. Intervention men reported an average weight loss of 2.4 pounds, compared to an average 0.7-lb loss among controls (P = .03). Based on self-reported change of specific foods, we found that intervention men more often reduced butter, margarine, eggs, and red meat over the six months than did control men (P less than .001). Based on nutrient consumption estimated by a food frequency questionnaire, intervention husbands consumed 34% of total calories from fat versus 36% for controls (P = 0.04). The number of meals shared with wives per week modified the effect of the intervention: among the intervention group, for every three meals shared, an accompanying one percentage point reduction in percentage of calories from fat occurred in the husband's diet. Thus, we suggest that dietary intervention programs attended by one spouse appear to exert a small beneficial effect on the other spouse.