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CONSIDER THIS CITY SITUATION. A central city with 25% un? employment. One-third of the residents have moved out. There are many young men with no jobs collecting welfare checks and on the streets or playing pool with friends most of the day. There are many young women watching television all day. There are numerous unemployed adult children living with an unemployed parent. Many of these city residents have a problem with alcohol and drugs. Older men who once did heavy labor have been laid off; most have been out of work for years. Many young unmarried women, especially teenagers, in the public housing complexes are pregnant or have already had illegitimate children. Most of the young do not expect to work in the near future. They seem resigned, angry, or fatalistic about their lives. They feel no one in government cares about them. These people cer? tainly fit the definitions of the underclass used in recent literature in the United States. Where is this underclass? What city are we describing? What are the likely racial characteristics of these urbanites? Many would guess the city is Chicago, New York, or Atlanta, but this city is actually Liverpool, England, once a prosperous city and the second great city of the British Empire. Inter? estingly, the people described are the white and British residents of a troubled city. Not one is Black. Many have educations and skills but no jobs in this northern England city, which has been neglected by the Conservative govern? ment ensconced in London in the affluent south of England (Frontline, 1986).