What’s ‘New’ in New Literacy Studies? Critical Approaches to Literacy in Theory and Practice

What has come to be termed the New Literacy Studies (NLS) (Gee, 1991; Street, 1996) represents a new tradition in considering the nature of literacy, focusing not so much on acquisition of skills, as in dominant approaches, but rather on what it means to think of literacy as a social practice (Street, 1985). This entails the recognition of multiple literacies, varying according to time and space, but also contested in relations of power. NLS, then, takes nothing for granted with respect to literacy and the social practices with which it becomes associated, problematizing what counts as literacy at any time and place and asking literacies are dominant and whose are marginalized or resistant.