The Actions of Proctolin, Octopamine and Serotonin on Crustacean Proprioceptors Show Species and Neurone Specificity

ABSTRACT A comparative survey is presented of the responsiveness of crustacean mechanoreceptors to the neurohormones proctolin, octopamine and serotonin. Seven identifiable primary afferents were examined in the crayfish Cherax destructor and the lobster Homarus americanus: three from the oval organ (OO) of the second maxilla, two from the non-spiking stretch receptor (NSSR) of the swimmeret and two from the muscle receptor organ (MRO) of the abdomen. Proctolin modulation was observed in 10 of the 14 fibres tested and was invariably potentiating, resulting in enhanced receptor potential amplitudes and increased firing. Octopamine and serotonin each modulated 8 of the 14 fibres and their effects were excitatory or depressive depending upon the target fibre. In the latter case the receptor potentials became attenuated, often to subthreshold levels, with loss of spiking. A comparison of results from Cherax with those of Homarus shows that there is species specificity in the responses of homologous neurones. Neurohormones that are excitatory in one species may be ineffective or depressive in the other. The broad distribution of modulatory effects observed here suggests that sensitivity to biogenic amines and peptides is a general property of proprioceptors.