Fritillaria roylei Hook. in Western Himalaya: Species Biology, Traditional Use, Chemical Constituents, Concern and Opportunity

Fritillaria roylei is an endangered herb, thrive well in sub-alpine and alpine pastures of Himalayan region and valued for medicinal properties. The species is important constituent of Astavarga, Chyavanprash and other Ayurvedic preparations. The herb has anti-asthmatic, anti-rheumatic, anti-tussive properties and is widely used for the treatment of different diseases. Presently, as a result of biotic and abiotic pressures, F. roylei has become critically endangered in Western Himalaya. In an effort to arrest the declining population of this species, it is imperative that suitable conservation strategies along with sustainable utilization are earnestly undertaken. An attempt has been made to compile and highlight all possible information on the species biology, population and biochemistry, concerns and opportunities of the herb. In addition, effective conservation measures to restore the dwindling population of this herb in its natural surroundings are also discussed. This study will assist in understanding the ecological complexity of F. roylei so that necessary steps can be taken to check its exploitation.